代谢工程的基本理论和应用就是在这一背景下发展起来的。1991年Bailey[2]在“Science”上发表了一篇重要的综述文章“Toward a Science of Metabolic Engineering”,标志着代谢工程作为一门新学科的诞生。十多年来,代谢工程的理论和应用迅速发展。1995年Bailey[3]又发表了“Chemical Engineering of Cellular Processes”的长篇文章,详细讨论了生物网络工程及代谢工程。1996年召开了第一次国际代谢工程会议(ME-I)。此后,国际代谢工程会议定期两年举行一次。1998 年出版了国际上第一部代谢工程教科书:“Metabolic Engineering : Principles and Methodologies”[4]。1999年出版了“Metabolic Engineering”[5]专著。近几年的主要研究进展可参见“Current Opinion in Biotechnology”等综述性刊物及其他一些刊物上的综述文章,例如:用代谢工程改进染料生产及使用[6];乳酸菌的代谢工程[7,8];工业微生物过程的代谢途径工程—进化、组合生物合成及合理设计[9];利用基因组学进行反向代谢工程[10];代谢通量分析进展[11]。十多年的实践表明:代谢工程已经成为化学反应工程的一个新的前沿,代谢工程的应用范围及作用正在不断扩大,已经成为菌种改进的平台技术。我国的代谢工程研究也已展开,国家基金委及科技部资助的一些代谢工程研究项目或部分涉及代谢工程内容的项目正在进行。但总的说来,无论是政府及企业的投入、还是研究队伍及研究水平等方面看,我国代谢工程的总体研究水平及应用均与国际先进水平有较大差距。
2 Bailey J E.Towards a science of metabolic engineering.Science,1991,252:1668~1674
3 Bailey J E.Chemical engineering of cellular processes.Chem.Eng.Sci.,1995,50:4091~4108
4 Stephanopoulos G N,Aristidou A A,Nielsen J.Metabolic engineering:principles and methodologies.San Diego:Academic Press,1998
5 Lee S Y,Papoutsakis E T.Metabolic engineering.New York:Marcel Dekker,1999
6 Berry A,Dodge T C,Pepsin M,et al.Application of metabolic engineering to improve both the production and use of biotech indigo.Journal of Industrial Micobiology and Biotechnology,2002,28:127~133
7 Vos W M,Hugenholtz J.Engineering metabolic highways in lactococci and other lactic acid bacteria.Trends in Biotechnology,2004,22:73~79
8 Kleerebezem M,Hugenholtz J.Metabolic pathway engineering in lactic acid bacteria.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2003,14:232~237
9 Rohlin L,Oh M K,Liao J C.Microbial pathway engineering for industrial processes:evolution,combinatorial biosynthesis and rational design.Current Opinion in Microbiology,2001,(4):330~335
10 Gill R T.Enabling inverse metabolic engineering through genomics.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2003,14:484~490
11 Kauffman K J,Prakash P,Edwards J S.Advances in flux balance analysis.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2003,14:491~496
12 Cameron D C,Tong I T.Cellular and metabolic engineering.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,1993,38:105~140
13 Lee J Y,Jung K H,Choi S H,et al.Combination of the tod and the tol pathways in redesigning a metabolic route of Pseudomonas putida for the mineralization of a benzene,toluene,and p-xylene mixture.Appl.Envir.Microbiol.,1995,61: 2211~2217
14 Sabine E,Falck S,Wolfgang H.Genetic organization,nucleotide seqence and regulation of genes ening phenol hydrolase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB8250.Molecuular Microbiology,1995,18(1): 13~20
15 Shingler V,Bartison M,Moore T.Cloning and nucleotide sequence of gene encoing the positive(DmpR) of the phenol catabolite pathway ened by pVI150 and identification of DmpR as a member of NtrC family of transcriptional activators. J.Bacteriol.,1993,175:1596~1604
16 Giovanni V,Stefania F,Felicia D A,et al.Biodegradation of 4-(1-nonyl)phenol by axenic cultures of the yeast Candida aquaetextoris:identification of microbial breakdown products and proposal of a possible metabolic pathway. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2001,47:133~140
17 Nishino S F,Spain J C,Belcher L A,et al.Chlorobenzene degradation by bacteria isolated from contaminated groundwater.Appl.Envir.Microbiol.,1992,58:1719~1726
19 Haggblom M M.Monohydroxylation of phenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol by toluene dioxyenase in pseudomonas putida P1.FEMS Microbial Rev.,1992,103:29
20 Seeger M,Timmis K N,Hofer B.Bacterial pathways for the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls.Marine Chemistry,1997,58:327~333
21 Arsendorf J J,Focht D D.A Meta cleavage pathway for 4-chlorobenzoate,an intermate in the metabolism of 4-chlorobiphenyl by Pseudomonas cepacia P116. Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1995,61:443~447
22 Abramowicz D A.Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs:A review.Critical Rev Biotechnol,1990,10:241~251
23 Higson F K,Focht D D.Bacterial degradation of ring-chlorinated acetophenones. Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1990,56:3678~3685
24 Brenner V,Arensdorf J J,Focht D D.Genetic construction of PCB degraders. Biodegradation,1994,5:359~377
25 Haro M A,Victor L.Metabolic engineering of bacteria for environmental applications:construction of Pseudomonas strains for biodegradation of 2-chlorotoluene.Journal of Biotechnology,2001,85:103~113
26 Sims R C,Overcash M R.Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds(PNAs) in soil-plant systems.Residue Reviews,1981,88:1~68
27 Juhasz A L,Naidu R.Bioremation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:A review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2000,45:57~88