[96] 二百多年来,仅有十名法官受弹劾,其中只有四名被判有罪。
[97] Alexander M. Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch : the Supreme Court at the Bar of politics , Bobbs-Merill Educational Pub(1962), p64, 200, 203-204.
[98] Alexander M. Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch : the Supreme Court at the Bar of politics , Bobbs-Merill Educational Pub(1962), p30.
[99] United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U. S. 144 (1938). 该案后,联邦最高法院在司法审查案件中,开始区别对待财产权和个人自由。在此后的大约半个世纪的时间里,最高法院在涉及产权的经济管制案件上几乎完全以立法机构的决定为准,从未像新政中期那样宣布有关立法违宪,但在涉及个人自由的民权等问题上则大刀阔斧地进行司法复审,推翻了一系列种族隔离和种族歧视的政府立法和过去的判决。直到1987年,最高法院才开始改变新政后期以来对经济管制案件袖手旁观的态度,在“诺兰诉加州海岸委员会案”中否决了有关土地使用的政府条例。法院裁定:加州政府有关机构在签发海滨房屋重建许可证时要求屋主允许其海滩地被用作公共通道构成了征用。
[100] 赞成司法机关有最终解释权的,请参考Larry Alexander & Frederick Schauer, On Extrajudicial Constitutional Interpretation, 110 HARV. L. REV. 1359 (1997); Larry Alexander and Frederick Schauer, Defending Judicial Supremacy: A Reply, 17 Const. Commentary 455 (2000); 反对司法机关有最终解释权的,可参考Mark Tushnet, Two Versions of Judicial Supremacy, 39 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 945;Mark Tushnet, Taking the constitution away from the courts (1999); Devins and Louis Fisher, Judicial Exclusivity and Political Instability, 84 Virg. L. Rev. 83(1999).
[101] Larry Alexander and Frederick Schauer, Defending Judicial Supremacy: A Reply (2000)
[102] 前文已述。
[103] Peter W. Hogg & Allison A. Bushell, The Charter Dialogue Between Courts and Legislatures, 35 Osgoode Hall L.J. 75; Lorraine Eisenstat Weinrib, Canada’s Constitutional Revolution: from Legislative to Constitutional State, 33 Isr. L. Rev. 13, 38-41 (1999).