(79MET). If you don't know the word, why don't you______in the dictionary.
(A)look at it (B)look after it
(C)look up it (D)look it up
析:答案为D。其意指“查(字典等)”,A意为“看”,B 意为“照顾”均不符题意,故排除。由动词加 副词构成的短语,其宾语是名词时,宾语可放在整个短语后面,也可插在动词与副词之间,但宾语是代词时, 代词宾语只能插在动词与副词之间。
试题选练:(画线项为答案,下同)
(83MET).If you are at home this evening, I'll________.
(A)ring you on (B)ring upon you
(C)ring to you (D)ring you up
──────-
(78MET).I need a day or two________
(A)to think it over
──────────
(B)to think over it
(C)of thinking
二、虚拟语气省略if时的词序
(95上海).______ for the free tickets, I would not havegone to the films so often.
(A)If it is not
(B)Were it not
(C)Had it not been
(D)If they were not
析:答案为C。这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式,当从句中的if省略时,从句要用倒装句。 这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下:
a.与现在相反:If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go
──with him.
b.与过去相反:If I had had time then (=Had I had time
──then), I would have gone with you.
c.与将来相反:If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great
── ───Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me.
注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:
(误)Weren't I here now, I would be in the bus.
────
(正)Were I not here now, I would be in the bus.
──
试题选练:(94上海).______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Y angpu Bridge.
(A)Were (B)Should
────
(C)Would (D)Will
_______ your letter, I would have written back two daysago.
(A)If I received
(B)Should Ireceive
(C)Had I received
────────
(D)If I could have received
三、否定词放在句首时的词序
(91MET)"Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?" "I don't know,_____
(A)nor don't I care
(B)nor do I care
(C)I don't care neither
(D)I don't care also
析:答案为B。A项多了not,C项、D项分别要改neither、 also 为either。否定词作状语放在句首时要用 倒装句,倒装句只需将情态动词、助动词、系动词be提至主语首即可(见例2)。 实意动词的倒装要在主语前 面加助动词 do,does,did等,此时谓语动词要用动词原形(见例1)。常见的否定词或结构有:neither/nor /never/hardly/ little/seldom/ scarcely/ barely/ not until/no sooner than/hardly when/not only…b ut also/at no time/not once/by no means
例:1.Little did Einstein care for money.
──
2.By no means( Never/At no time) will China besuperpowers.
───
试题选练:(85MET). "Did you enjoy that trip? " "I'mafraid not. And_______."
(A)my classmates don't either
(B)my classmates don't too
(C)neither do my classmates
(D)neither did my classmates
─────────────
(90MET).Not until I began to work _______how much time I had wasted.
(A)didn't I realize (B)did I realize
───────
(C)I didn't realize (D)I realize
(95NMET).Not until all the fish died in the river____how serious the pollution was.
(A)did the villagers realize
─────────────
(B)the villagers realize
(C)the villagers did realize
(D)didn't the villagers realize
(91上海).Not only____ polluted but ____ crowded.
(A)was the city, were the streets
(B)the city was, were the streets
(C)was the city, the streets were
───────────────
(D)the city was, the streets were
(94上海).Little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
(A)does he care (B)did he care
───────
(C)he cares (D)he cared
四、So…that放在句首时的词序
(92上海). So ______ that no fish can live in it.
(A)the lake is shallow
(B)shallow the lake is
(C)shallow is the lake
(D)is the lake shallow
析:答案为C。在so…that句型中,当so 后的部分提到句首时要用部分倒装。如:
So hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.
───────
试题选练:So excited _____ that he couldn't speak a word.
(A)he gets (B)he got
(C)does he get (D)did he get
──────
五、so含“也”意时的词序
(87MET).John won first prize in the contest. ______.
(A)So he did (B)So did he
(C)So he did, too (D)So did he, too.
(79MET). I like sports and ______ my brother
(A)so does (B)so is
────
(C)so (D)so like
-I like playing football. -_______.
(A)So you do (B)So do you
(C)You do so (D)So did you
析:答案分别为A、A.So开头的句子, 如果是重复前面一句话的部分内容,该内容也适合另一人,物。要 用倒装(但谓语要与前句谓语时态,形式一致)。此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物。如:
He has got up, so have I.
── ──
You are honest, so am I, so are all of us.
── ── ──
但So开头的句子,如果是重复前面一句话的意见,表示对别人说的话加以肯定,语序不必倒装。此时两句 的主语常常是同一人或物。如:
He asked me to support him, so I did.
──
I have passed the maths exam. So you have.
──
六、As引导让步状语从句时的词序
(85MET)._____ , he doesn't study well.
(A)As he is clever (B)He is as clever
(C)Clever as he is (D)As clever he is
析:答案为C。As引导让步状语时要将句中作表语的形容词、 名词(前面不可用冠词)、作状语的副词或 部分谓语动词提至as(though)前。
Child (Young) as she is, she knows a lot.
───────
Fast as you run, I can catch you easily.
──
Try as you might, you are sure to fail again.
──
试题选练:_____ the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it.
(A)Much as he liked
─────────
(B)Liked as he
(C)He liked very much
(D)As he liked much
七、多个形容词排列时的词序
(95NMET). "How was your recent visit to Qingdao?"
"It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside."
(A)few last sunny
(B)last few sunny
(C)last sunny few
(D)few sunny last
析:答案为B,此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题。
多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时的位置规则为:
a)限定词如:a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this等。(如有数词同时出现时,序 数词在前,基数词在后。)
b)描绘性形容词如大小,长短,高低,新旧,颜色,国籍, 材料,用途,类别等。同类形容词排列时短 的在前,长的在后。如:He isa kind honest old man.(限定+短性质+长性质+年龄) ── ─── ─ ─
This useless old geography book doesn't belong me.(限定+
── ─── ─ ────性质+新旧+种类)
My house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown
─── ────── ── ──chairs.(数词+性质+短颜色+长颜色 )
试题选练:(93NMET).Tony is going camping with ____ boys.
(A)little two other
(B)two little other
(C)two other little
─────────
(D)little other two
When I was a child, my grandmother told me ____ stories.
(A)many such funny
────────
(B)such many funny
(C)many funny such
(D)funny many such
He saw nothing but a _______ table in the farm house.
(A)round small wooden
(B)small round wooden
──────────
(C)round wooden small
(D)small wooden round
The ______ bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.
(A)a stone old fine
(B)an old stone fine
(C)a fine old stone
─────────
(D)an old fine stone
These are his cousin's first two ______ paintings.
(A)little red French interesting oil
(B)interesting little red French oil
─────────────────
(C)interesting French little red oil
(D)little red intersting oil French
八:词序不同意义不同的词
(95上海).It was_____ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.
(A)too very (B)much too
(C)too much (D)far
析:答案为B。B是个副词词组,只修饰形容词或副词以加强语气。可作形容词修饰名词,也可作名词充当 主语,宾语等成分。 A 中 toovery不能连用。D不能修饰原级形容词故排除。常见的词序不同、 意义不同的词 组有:in all 总共/all in 疲倦, in hand 在手中/hand in 上交,turn in 上交/in turn轮流、排队, from far来自远方/far from 离得远、远非,for good永远/ good for对…有好处,allfor都赞成/for a ll尽管…,much too太,过于,修饰形容词或副词/too much太多,充当名词或修饰名词,if only 要是(常 与虚拟语气连用)/only if 只有(引导条件从句),long before 很久以前/before long不久以后。
试题选练:I knew you ____ I knew John.
(A)before long (B)long before
(C)long ago (D)after long
_____ you try your best to prepare your lessons well willyou be able to pass the exam.
(A)If only (B)Only if
────
(C)Long before (D)Before long
九、作定语后置时的情况:
(93NMET). "Mum, I think I'm ______ to get back to school."
"Not really, my dear, you'd better stay at home for another day or two."
(A)so well (B)so good
(C)well enough (D)good enough
析:此题答案为C。根据题意只能选well 意指“健康”。Enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在所修饰的词的 后面。修饰名词时可置于名词前后。如:
We haven't enough time (or: time enough) to lose.
─── ───
常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有:
1)形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时要后置。 present作“出席的 ”之意时,要放在所修饰词后。如:
I have nothing new to tell you. The people present areworkers. ──
───
2)副词或介词短语作定语时要后置。如:
The man upstairs (in charge of the factory) often comes
────────────────── home very late.
3)以A开头的表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone 等作定语时要后置。如:
Do you know the greatest poet alive in your country?
───
4)非谓语动词作定语时,定语要后置。如:
The building built last year/being built now/to be built
──── ────── next year will be equipped with co mputers.
试题选练:(89MET).There was a terrible noise _____ thesudden burst of light.
(A)followed (B)following
─────
(C)to be followed (D)being followed
(87MET).Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
(A)invited (B)to invite
────
(C)being invited (D)inviting
十、Only+状语放在句首时的词序:
(90上海). Only by practising a few hours every day_____be able to master the language.
(A)you can (B)can you
(C)you will (D)will you
析:答案为C。由“only +状语”引起的强调句放在句首时要用倒装结构,此结构只需把助动词、情态动 词或系动词be提至主语前即可,故排除A、C。B中的can与be able to 意义重复故也排除。
试题选练:(84MET).Only in this way _______ progress in your English.
(A)you make
(B)can you make
──────
(C)you be able to make
(D)will you able to make
(86上海). Only when the war was over in 1945_____ to geta college education.
(A)he was able (B)he is able
(C)was he able (D)is he able
十一、副词、介词短语放在句首时的词序:
______ from the north to the south in winter.
(A)Away do some birds fly
(B)Away do a few animals run
(C)Away fly some birds
(D)Away run all the animals
析:答案为C。某些副词如here、there、up、down、in、out 等以及介词短语放在句首引起的倒装句(不 可用助动词)要注意如下三点:
A.主语是名词时(用完全倒装)把动词提至主语前:Here ( In)came a lady.── ───
B. 主语是代词时(用部分倒装)只将上述副词提至主语前即可:Here(In)he come.
─ ──
C. 介词短语放在句首时要用全部倒装, 即动词提至主语前:Infront of the farmhouse sat a small
boy who was cutting a cane.
── ──── ─
试题选练: _____ who had caught him three times for stealing bikes.
(A)Before George stood the policeman
─────────────────
(B)Before George the policeman stood
(C)The policeman stood before George
(D)Before the policeman stood George
____ from the 11th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.
(A)Down jumped the murderer
─────────────
(B)Down the murderer jumped
(C)Down jumped he
(D)Jumped down he
十二、宾语从句的词序
(91NMET). No one can be sure ______ in a million years .
(A)what man will look like
(B)what will man look like
(C)man will look like what
(D)what look will man like
析:此题答案为A。连接代词who, which, what等和连接副词why,where, when等引导的名词性从句,从句 的语序要用陈述句语序。B、 C、D均属词序错误故排除。
试题选练:(89MET).These photographs will show you______.
(A)what does our village look like
(B)what our village looks like
──────────────
(C)how does our village look like
(D)how our village looks like
(90NMET).Can you make sure_____the gold ring?
(A)where Alice had put
(B)where had Alice put
(C)where Alice has put
──────────
(D)where has Alice put
(92NMET).He asked _______ for the violin.
(A)did I pay how much
(B)I paid how much
(C)how much did I pay
(D)how much I paid
────────
十三、不定冠词的位置
(84MET).He is ______ teacher that all of us like him.
(A)a such good (B)such good a
(C)a so good (D)so good a
析:答案为D。A、B中冠词的位置应放在such之后。C中冠词应放在good之后。当so…that与不定冠词a/a n连用时,冠司a/an要直接放在名词之前。类似结构有too/rather/quite+adj+a/an+名词。
He is so clever a boy that we all like him. =He is such a
───clever boy that we all like him.
如果此句改为复数时,只可用such…that,如:
They are such clever boys that we all like them.
────────
试题选练:(93上海)._______ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
(A)So a heavy (B)So heavy a
─────
(C)A such heavy (D)Such heavy a
十四、How和however+形容词、副词时的词序
(97NMET)._________,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
(A)However late is he
(B)However he is late
(C)However is he late
(D)However late he is
析:答案选D。当how或however修饰形容词、副词时, 要把被修饰的词带走。故排除 B、C。从句部分不可 用倒装句,故 A也排除。如:I don't know how hard the problem is.
────
It's useless however hard you try.
──────
试题选练:
(95NMET). If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ________
great it is.
(A)what (B)how
(C)however (D)whatever
(94上海).You can't imagine ______ when they receivedthese nice Christmas presents.
(A)how they were excited
(B)how excited they were
───────────
(C)how excited were they
(D)they were how excited