第二章 冠 词
一、冠词的种类
1. 不定冠词 a／an的用法
a用于辅音音标开头的单词前（不一定是辅音字母）：an用于元音音标开头的单词前（不一定是元音字母） ：an old man
a friend
an American writer
a Chinese book——an English book
注意 以字母h，u，e，y开头的单词：an hour/honor/honest
a university——an umbrella-a usual/useful book
a European
a young man——a youth
泛指人、事、物的类别 A.English is a useful language.
B.A horse is a useful animal.
C.His telehpone number begins with a " 3".
泛指某人某物
There's a man waiting for you at the gate of our school.
There's a book lying on the floor.
表示every／per的含义
This kind of Santana car can run 150 kilometers an hour.
Some students of Senior Three study 12 hours a day.
用于某些固定词组中
a few； a little； a lot of；
a bit of； a couple of； a great deal of；
many a； all of a sudden； as a matter of fact；
in a word； have a word with sb. have a good time；
do sb. a favor pay a visit to； as a rule
in a day or two； in a way； make a living；
two pills at a time； take a walk/break/bath/seat；
have a cold/fever/headache/stomachache
2.定冠词the的用法
the 在辅音前发/ / 在元音前发/ /
（1）表示特指和第二次提到的人或物：
Here the books you want.
I saw a film last night. The film was wonderful.
（2）表示世界上独一无二的东西：the sun；the earth；the moon
（3）用在序数词、形容词最高级前面：the first-class； the third floor； the longest river
（4）用在江、河、湖、海、山 脉、群 岛、海 峡、海 湾、沙 漠、方 位 前 面：
the Changjiang river； the West Lake ； the Great Canal（大运河）；
the Taiwan Strait； on the right／left； in the north／south
（4）与某些形 容 词 连 用表 示 一 类 人，动 词 用 复 数 形 式：
the poor／rich／old/young/sick/old/new/wounded
The young have to learn from the old.（年轻人要向老年人学习。）
The right and the wrong are the opposites.
（6）在乐器的名词前面：She likes to play the piano／violin／guitar.
（7）在某 些 表 示 时 间 的 词 组 中：
in the morning／afternoon／evening／night（but at noon／night）；
in the daytime；in the 1870's／1870s
（8）用在姓氏的复数前面：The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table.
（9）在表示发明物的名词前面：
The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.
（10）用在表示国家和民族的形容词前面表示该国的人民：
the English／Chinese／Japanese／French
（11）用在由普通名词构成的专用名词前面：
the United States（联合国）； the New York Times（纽约时报）；
the People's Liberation Army（中国人民解放军）
（12）用在表示计算单位的名词前面，常含"每"，"每一"的意义，或相当于"按……计算"：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（计时／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（这些鸡蛋是论打卖的。）
但"按重量"应说by weight
C.Meat is sold by the kilo（by weight）。
（13）方位名词前必须加the
in the east of
on the east of
to the east of/east of
在山顶 at the top of hill=on top of hill
Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.
二、零冠词 即不用冠词，用于不可数名词，复数可数名词和某些单数可数名词前
（1）专用名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前面一般不加冠词
Knowledge is power.
We can't live without air.
China has a large population.
（2）表示头衔、职务的名词作表语、同位语、宾语补语、主语补语时不加冠词
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
但是，当这些名词作主语时，要加定冠词：
The president of USA will visit America in the near future.
He was elected__/__President for the third time. That was a great victory of his party.
Elizabeth II，__/_Queen of England， declared the conference open.
（3）称呼语前面不加冠词
Where are you going， mum？
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
（4）泛指复数名词前面不加冠词
We're Senior Three students.
——What are they？——They're workers.
（5）by+交通工具／通讯工具
A.——Do you know how he will come here？
——I think he'll come here by bus/train/taxi/ship/plane/bike.
B.I'll tell you by telephone/email.
但是使用其他介词时要注意：
He'll come in her taxi/on her bike/on a bus.
You're wanted on the telephone.（你有电话。）
（6）用在介词at／by后面，表示时间，不加冠词
at daybreak/dawn/dusk/noon/sunrise/sunset/night
B.Most people work by day and rest by night.（大多数人白天工作晚上休息。）
（7）在turn（变成，成为）后面的名词前面不加冠词
His son turned writer at last.=His son became a writer at last.
（8）几个词组
in space/in distance /peace/public by chance/accident/surprise
on foot/duty/earth out of breath/ reach/sight/control
三、冠词的主要考点
考点（1）一日三餐，一年四季，月份、星期、节日名词前面一般不加冠词
If winter comes， can spring be far behind？
What do you often have for breakfast？
Our school library is open every day except Sunday.
Daddy，dinner is ready！
Do you know when Teachers' Day is？
但是特指时用the；有修饰形容词时用a
In____spring， trees turn green.
In____spring of 1987，the old scientist returned to his motherland. Answer： /； the
The story took place in the winter of 1918. It was a very cold winter.
但是：我们中国的有些节日前要加定冠词：the Spring Festival；the Mid-Autumn Day /Festival
考点2）球类、棋类、游戏、学科名称前面一般不加冠词；而乐器名称前要加the
Does your brother like to play football/basketball/chess？
He likes to study mathematics/ physics/chemistry/English/Chinese/biology/politics.
I like playing football while my sister is interested in playing the piano.
考点（3） 职务的名词 和 称呼语前面不加冠词
Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States in 1860.
Wang Ping， monitor of Class Three， won the first prize.
Jimmy said that / Uncle hadn't come back and _/__Auntie was out.
The general ordered his men，"Use your knife， young man！"
考点（4） 在表示发明物，计算单位的名词前面，要加定冠词：
A.These workers are paid by the hour／piece.（计时／件取酬）
B.These eggs are sold by the dozen.（这些鸡蛋是论打卖的。）
C.The gunpowder was invented in China 400 year age.
D.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
E.The teacher showed us a telescope and said it was Galileo who invented the telescope.
考点（5）用和不用定冠词在意义上的差别 一般地说，无定冠词表示"抽象意思"；有定冠词表示具体"某个地方或某事"
1）in hospital（住院）； in the hospital（在医院里）
2）at table（在吃饭）； at the table（在桌子旁边）
3）out of problem（没问题；可能的）；out of the problem（不可能的；成问题）
4）in front of（在……前面）； in the front of（在……内部前面）
5）go to school（上学）； go to the school（有事去学校）
6）go to church（做礼拜）； go to the church（去教堂）
7）My wish is to go to sea.（我的愿望是当海员。）；
My wish is to go to the sea.（我的愿望是去海边。）
8）few——a few
few people［没几个人（表示否定）］；a few people［几个人（表示肯定）］
9）little——a little
little water（没多少水）；a little water（有点水）few——a few
10）knowledge知识——
a knowledge of是一种特殊用法，指了解、知道或懂得某事，而非泛指的知识。
eg. Many people agree that ____knowledge of English is a must in ____international trade today.（ＮＭＥＴ ９６）
Ａ、a；不填 Ｂ。the；an Ｃ。the；the Ｄ。不填；the
此题难度较大， knowledge通常为抽象名词，属不可数名词，其前一般不用任何冠词，后跟of English似限制它的，当用the.如此常规分析，正好误入题目设计者的圈套。这里a knowledge of是一种特殊用法，指了解、知道或懂得某事，而非泛指的知识。
11）next morning 和the next morning的区别
next morning明天早晨+将来时； the next morning第二天早晨+过去时
Next morning we will go to visit the Great Wall.
The next morning we finished the work.
考点（6）使用不定冠词和定冠词在意义上的差别
1）a number ——the number
A number of students would like to go for a walk after supper.（好多学生）
The number of students in our school is 1400.（学生数）
2）most，a most， the most
This is a most interesting story.（most=very；这是一个非常有趣的故事。）
This is the most interesting story of the three.（the most为最高级；这是三个故事中最有趣的故事。）
3）a second和the second
It is important to learn a second language.
4）only a few=few； only a little= little
She has only a few friends because she is a newcomer to the city.她几乎没有朋友因为她刚来这个城市。
The boy has only a little money， so he can't afford to buy a bike.这亇孩子几乎没钱，，所哋买不起自行車。
考点（7）两个与 the有关的句型
a. the+比较级，the+比较级
eg.The faster the better.
The harder we study， the greater progress we'll make.
b. 大处着眼，小处着手
打strike，hit，beat
抓catch，seize，grasp +sb+介词+the+身体部位
拉pull，take in+软的部位
on+硬的部位
by+可拉出的部位
eg. I hit the boy on the head.
I catch him by the ear.
I beat him in the face.
The little girl pulled me by the sleeve.
| A policeman caught a thief by the arm just when the thief was stealing. |
自我检测
（1）——How many minutes are there in______hour？——Sixty.
A./ B.the C.a D.an
（2）——Can you lend me______money？——Yes， but only______pounds.
A.few；little B.little；few C.a little； a few D.a few； a little
（3）It is surprising that______German cannot speak______German language.
A./；a B.a ；the C.the；/ D.a；a
（4）As we know，_______sea covers more than 70 percent of_______surface of ______earth.
A.the；the；the B.a； the；the C.the；a；a D.a；a；the
（5）Her sister is talkative， but her brother is a man of______words.
A.little B.a little C.a few D.few
（6）All of ______sudden， we saw a boy rush out of______back door.
A.a；a B.a；the C.the；the D.the；a
（7）She likes playing____violin while her brother likes playing______football.
A.the；the B.a；the C./；the D.the；/
（8）——What is she？ ——She's_______.
A.a singer and dancer B. singer and dancer C.a singer and a dancer D. singer and a dancer
（9）What____it is to travel in_______spaceship！
A.a fun；the B.a fun；a C.fun；a D.fun；the
（10）I didn't tell him______news at once because I wanted to give him______surprise.
A.a；a B.the；a C.a；the D.the；the
（11）Washington was elected______president in 1787. He was the first president of_____United States.
A.the；the B./；the C./；/ D.the；/
（12）You left______"s" in ______spelling of_____word "address".
A.an；the；the B.the；the；the C.a； the；the D.an；/；a
Answer DCBAD BDACB BA
1.Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _____ music.
A./ , the B./ , / C.the ,/ D.the , the （89）
2.Beyond _____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _______ space.
A.the , / B./ ,the C./ ,/ D.the , the （90）
3.Alexander Graham Bell invent _____ telephone in 1876.
A. / B.a C.the D.one （91）
4.—-Where’s Jack?
--I think he’s still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ______ bathroom.
A./ ,/ B.the , the C.the,/ D./ , the （92）
5.Many people are still in _______ bahit of writing silly things in ______ public places.
A.the , the B./ , / C.the , / D./ , the （93）
6.She is _____newcomer to ____chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries.
A.the, the B.the ,/ C.a , / D.a , the （94）
7.—-I’d like ____ information about the managemnet of your hotel , please.
--Well , yopu could have ____ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some , a B.an , some C.some , some D.an ,a （95）
8.Many people agree that _____knowledge of English is a must in _____international trade today.
A.a , / B.the , an C.the , the D./ , the （96）
9.--Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.
--Is it ________ black one ? I think I saw it.
A.a , the B.the ,the C.the , a D.a , a （97）
10. Paper money was in ＿＿＿＿use in China when Marco Polo visited tbe country in
＿＿＿thirteenth century.
A.the；不填 B.the；the C.不填；the D.不填；不填 （99）
11.Most animals have little connection with ________animals of _________different kind unless they kill them for food.
A.the ; a B.不填 ; a C.the ;the D.不填 ;the （2000）
Answer CACDA CAAAC A |
减小字体
增大字体